Thursday, August 27, 2020

Biotic Components Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Biotic Components - Essay Example The novice of the lake environment is sun. Makers use daylight and convert carbon dioxide and water into natural mixes and oxygen through a procedure called photosynthesis. Other most significant sustenance for plants is nitrogen and phosphorus. Meandering plants or the phytoplankton (Volvox, Oscillatoria, Diatoms, Spirogyra, Zygnema, Hydrodictyon, Desmids, and so on) experience the procedure of photosynthesis and discharge oxygen in the water which can be utilized by microorganisms and creatures in the lake. Similarly, the Periphytic green growth (appended to the stones and different substances) do photosynthesis and give oxygen in the base of the lake so the decomposers can utilize it. The lowered plants and the Floating plants (Nelumbium, Nymphea, Blixa, Eicchornia, Pistia and so on) give oxygen to the lake and the new plants, to nature outside the lake. This is the main level. Herbivores and rapacious have a place with the subsequent level and are called shoppers. Herbivores feed on plants and get vitality while the carnivores feed on herbivorous and get vitality. However, at whatever point a creature or a plant isn't devoured by whatever other creature, that issue is disintegrated by decomposers, which are on the third level. The tissues are separated into a lot easier mixes which are again utilized by the plants for supplements. As vitality is converter, some of it is discharged as warmth in the water to keep up the internal elements of the cells in each living being. Supplement cycle Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are extremely significant for a cell. The procedure through which these substances go from on living being to another or from on cell to the next is called supplement cycle. Change after some time The strength of a biological system can be jeopardized by a few changes over the long run. In the event that specie is murdered in the lake, it very well may be exceptionally risky for other living in the lake the same number of creatures may benefit fr om that specie for supplements and the entire framework may crash. Because of the environmental change, unreasonable warmth in nature, dry spell can seem executing all the species living there. The development of thick trees around the lake can obstruct the section of daylight to the lake, bringing about death of plants and accordingly the creatures. Other than this, normal progression can happen which can thoroughly change the biotic network. It really happens because of the adjustments in the plants, creatures or other a-biotic variables, thus another eco cycle can start How people may have influenced biogeochemical cycles in that environment. There are numerous ways a human may influence the lake environment. Nitrogen cycle influenced: During transportation, smelling salts is discharged in the air, which is caught up in the lake. Composts are exceptionally unsafe for the fishes as it contains nitrites and nitrates and in this manner can influence the nitrogen cycle. Alkali is ver y poisonous to angle and ought to be evacuated or changed over into innocuous issue. On the off chance that the degree of smelling salts increments in the lake, fishes can bite the dust. New agrarian practices have profoundly upset the nitrogen pattern of the lake. So as to satisfy the agrarian requests for food, there is a broad use of nitrogen gas in the green house which enters the lake through various methods. Carbon cycle influenced: Accumulation of Carbon dioxide in the lake is profoundly perilous for the fish species living in it. In the event that the carbon dioxide sum is high in the lake, it would be hard for the fishes to evacuate their inside carbon dioxide in the water, bringing about gathering in fish blood. This hinders and imperils the capacity of hemoglobin in the fish blood, and in this manner causes suffocation for angles.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Nature of Wal-Mart Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 78

Nature of Wal-Mart Industry - Essay Example As per Fortune Global 500 of every 2014, Wal-Mart was the greatest organization by income and the biggest business in the private part around the world. The quantity of representatives remained at 2.2 million creation it is the most significant organization on the planet. The activities of Wal-Mart are in three divisions to be specific Sams Club, Wal-Mart US, and Wal-Mart International with nine retail designs. The organizations are supercenters, general product, food and medications, stores, bodegas, enrollment distribution center Clubs, money and convey stores, clothing stores, eateries, and delicate markdown stores. The Wal-Mart US is the biggest with deals adding up to $258 billion working markdown stores, Neighborhood Markets, and Supercenters. A portion of the Wal-Mart stores are situated in Argentina, Canada, Brazil, and the UK. The organization likewise includes worldwide eCommerce, which is engaged with online deals in the US with base camp in San Francisco. The principle contenders of Wal-Mart in North America incorporate departmental stores, for example, Kmart, Target, Meijer, and Publix, which sell comparative items. One of the principle contender is Target (TGT) in the retail showcase. Wal-Mart contends legitimately with Target (TGT) a rebate retailer, which offers its products and enterprises at low costs. Much the same as Wal-Mart, TGT gives a wide scope of items particularly staple customer merchandise, for example, family unit products, garments, food, and goods. TGT likewise offers rebate to its clients to draw in them, which is additionally a typical strategy in Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart offers items at lower costs to pull in low-salary buyers while TGT targets goes for wealthy clients with their top notch stock. Both Target and Wal-Mart attempt to keep their overall revenues high through cost decrease measures. Different contenders incorporate Giant Tiger and the Real Canadian Superstore vieing for the retail advertise. Wal-Mart likewise contends with Mexicos retail locations, for example, Soriana and Commercial Mexicana.

Friday, August 21, 2020

The 5 Hot Internet Marketing Trends for 2013

The 5 Hot Internet Marketing Trends for 2013 Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!The 5 Hot Internet Marketing Trends For 2013Updated On 23/04/2017Author : Phillip PresleyTopic : MarketingShort URL : http://hbb.me/2oz9Sp2 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogEvery year in Marketing things change. It’s designed to keep up with the changes in the marketing world and for users to see something different to keep up sales. The changes in marketing for 2013 are ones that should be implemented as soon as possible to reap the benefits.Here are the changes in marketing trends for 2013:1. Website Design ImprovementsChanging the design of your website is very time consuming, but it does give you a boost in sales. People don’t really like changes, so, it’s best to keep the same structure, but make a design that readers will like. Adding new videos, ads, and banners will perk up attention to them and bring in more clicks.USEFUL:5 Simple Steps To An Original Bl og Design5 Common Mistakes That Can Spoil Your Whole Website Design Work2. Every Picture Tells a StoryUse more images that tell a story on your website. An image puts a visual representation of what you’re trying to sell. You can use infographics to tell a story of how your product will help your readers. If you pay attention to Facebook, Twitter, and other social networks, you’ll see when to add more images to your site. They lead the way to the visual look. Learn Why You Should Have Images On Your Blog Posts.USEFUL: 40+ Websites For Copyright And Royalty Free Photos3. Convert To the New Web LanguagesChanging your site to HTML5 and CSS3 are the biggest changes you’ll make this year. The new web languages will perk up your site without adding any bulk. That is, it lets you include images base on CSS3, so your website loads faster. Using image slows down the load into a browser. Using the new HTML5 helps keep the load light, plus, you can do add more visuals to your website usi ng the new web language.READEssential Techniques To Capitalize On Affiliate Sales4. Go With the Gusto of MobileCreate a mobile site! Mobile is growing faster than most can keep up with, especially in marketing. They are scrambling to create ads that are easy to send to mobile users. Plus, the market of mobile users is over 500 million and rising. It’s expected to hit the billion user mark this year. Channel your business to your mobile audience to reap the benefits of how mobile can and will increase your business.5. Videos Are the BossThere are over 5 million videos that are watched online every day. You can’t beat that for bringing traffic to your website. Plus, video watchers share the links with their friend in the social sphere. Video are one of the best ways to communicate with your target market.Of all the marketing trends working their way into the mainstream, videos and mobile are the biggest. However, any of the changes to your website can help bring in more traffic a nd more profits from your readers.

Monday, May 25, 2020

International Money Laundering Abatement Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2665 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The Law addresses computer fraud in different ways. The law is aimed at protecting illegal access to a computer system or exceeding authorized access. It protects access to and mishandling of or misusing protected information ending up in causing harm and or monetary loss to the victim of such activities. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "International Money Laundering Abatement Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Congress amended the act in 1986 to include intentional access and steeling something of value (Adams 1996). As the scenario has put it clearly, the criminal was either using an account on the banks computer system legally assigned i.e. the user was granted the right to use the computer as an employee but decided to misuse the privileges accorded her by the Bank by involving herself in a criminal activity. The criminal could also have hacked into the banks computer network illegally. Whichever the case, the activities are addressed in the law of computer Fraud act. The criminal had access to valuable information about the companies that were affected. Such information is classified information and therefore accessing the information and using it for obtaining monetary benefit while causing distress to the bank and its customers is a federal crime. Unauthorized cases have been prosecuted as in the case of Andrew Auernheimer who was convicted of identity theft after he illegally gai ned access to ATT computer system and stole customer emails and later claimed the responsibility (Vogel 2013). In the current scenario, the Computer Fraud Act of 1986 applies because the crime was committed while someone had access to the banks computer system. International money laundering abatement and anti-terrorist financing act of 2001 The legislation is covered as a section of the Patriot act of 2001. It addresses the money laundering crime. The law is aimed at protecting terrorist funding using United States Financial system or anonymously move funds obtained from or destined for illegal activities (Murphy 2001). Financial institutions are the main targets of international criminal rings who defraud individuals or businesses to fund other criminal activities. Such groups work with insiders in the banking systems to create and run anonymous accounts which are used to hind such funds as described. Since the criminal involved are moving money from the victim accounts to other banks in other states, it is a step of layering (Murphy,2001) a method used by criminals to cover their steps after obtaining stolen money drug trafficking money or other forms of dirty money. The money is hidden in different individual accounts and the criminal later deposit money from these activities to the banking system in other count ries or put it to investment that cannot be easily traced (Murphy, 2001). In our scenario money is being moved from a bank in Georgia to other banks in different states. The money is then sent out to banks located in other countries. This means it is not a one person crime but rather many people are involved. By transferring funds from one bank or multiple banks in the United States to international Banks the patriot Act becomes applicable. Discuss how VL Bank will work within the parameters of appropriate legal jurisdiction with specific bodies of law enforcement to resolve the situation. This case needs proper approach and preparation to investigate. Since the matter has already been handed over to business client lawyers, it touches other institution and it runs across state line it is not a case that the bank can investigate internally. The Bank need to work with Federal Agencies with jurisdiction over the State of Georgia and beyond and can go after the accounts in Bank A,B and C which are located indifferent geographical locations. Our main aim is to get to the root of the fraud within the Banks in the United States. The following agencies will work with VL Bank. Team Formation The lawyers of VL bank will work as the legal guides who will lead in forming the investigation team due to legal issues that the case involves. Thy have the knowledge of who has legal jurisdiction of what the investigation may involve and also the regulations guiding monetary fraud and cybercrimes. The lawyer will involve the following agencies and experts. United States Secret Services This is the agency mandated by the department of justice to protect the United States banking financial system. Through its Electronic Crime Task Force the Secret Services is capable of investigating Cybercrimes within and out of the US. Since the crime involve as wiring money to offshore bank accounts the agency will work with international tasks force against money laundering in the countries where the offshore banks accounts are located. From what has been mentioned in the instructions, the suspect may be working for a gang of international criminals. This could have been an opportunity the gang of international criminals found through its cyber activities. The agency will contact Bank A, B, and C and notify them of the intended crime investigation within their business. The Agency may directly investigate activities in these banks or work with the FBI or other local law enforcement agencies. The main role would be to initiate the investigation and pressure the involved agency f or results. The secret services will contact the offshore banks for the possibility of finding out who are the offshore account owners in an effort to recover the lost funds or initiate international criminal prosecution. The foreign banks may be pressured to cooperate with the request from the secret services due to the countries being members of anti-money laundering partnership NB to be verified. FBI The FBI is the main investigative agency of the United States department of justice. The company will need to acquire the clearance to investigate it employees within the shortest time possible before the suspects interfere with evidence of their activities in the computer system. The company wills under the guidance of the FBI agent arrest the computer of the manager who has access to the business account access and the computers for any other employee who may be found to be a suspect. These are the initial suspects of the crime until they have been cleared after the investigation is complete. The computer forensic experts will also test the system for possible hacking through web based intrusions to the bank computer system. Working with the two agencies, the investigation team will set the guidelines for the investigation. They will define the type of expertise needed to effectively conduct internal and external investigation. The following experts will be involved in the inv estigation. Computer forensic experts Using technology, the computer forensic experts will analyze the computer identified within the Bank as suspects. The experts will use technological tools recover deleted files in the hard disks of the computers of the suspects. They will examine the storage disks retrieve from internal suspects offices as well as aid the secret services in directing its team on what to look for as the agency investigated other banks across the nation. They will analyze email communications for traces of fraud or criminal related communication between the suspects and any network of criminals or accomplices. The Forensic team will be responsible of making credible judgment on the data analyzed and the findings generated in the process. The CISO will coordinate access to the network resources and the infrastructure for analysis. Working with both agencies Network Analysis experts will analyses the intrusions in the banks network. They will try to figure out how the Bank computer system was compro mised and whether the compromise was within the bank or outside. These engineers will look into the origin of the any hacking activities and try to gather credible information that may eliminate suspicion from banks employees. Forensic Accountants Experts These are the people the Bank will need to evaluate the financial activities within the affected accounts. Their work is to investigate the way the accounts were operating and who had access. They will audit the genuine accounts and figure out whether the loss reported is the authentic. They will use their financial analysis tools to analyses the business losses as a result of the scandal. They understand the regulations that go with. They will look into the filed retrieved from the confiscated computers for information to do with other forms of investments the suspects may have other than the accounts opened in other banks. They will also asses the financial behaviors of the manager who had access to the login information of the affected companies. Evidence gathering Having defined the team of lead agencies and experts, the bank will take the next step of evidence gathering. The agents will lead in retrieving computers, storage disks and any paper trail from the company that may lead to evidence of fraudulent activities. As indicated in the instructions of this task, I am assuming the manager who has information the companies login to the affected accounts is a suspect. In the effort of clearing him or pinning him to the crime, we have to investigate his computer, his system account, and his department employees and audit their system accounts. This will require taking the computers, retrievable storage disks and any paper train that may bear important information for these investigations The FBI agents will be in charge of conducting interviews on the employees. This will be done per the logs obtained in the system that point to who accessed the accounts for the period of their existence and what activities were carried during such access. The FBI will aid the investigation of the secret services as the follow the money trail to Bank A, B, and C and if possible the offshore banks depending on affiliation with any local banks or international cooperation. After the findings, the Agencies will gather their findings and generate a report. Copies will be held by the agencies and the top management of VL Bank will be handed the report. The report will guide the bank management in decision making to what will be the next action Discuss legal considerations for preparing the digital evidence VL Bank will need to provide law enforcement and attorneys. In the United States, there are regulations that restrict the way, level and activities investigators must adhere to or the victim company may find itself in legal trouble. In its effort to investigate the computer and financial issue in the current situation VL Bank must make sure it protects itself from effects of crossing the legal lines as discussed below. Privacy invasion. VL Bank has to consider the privacy Act as a limitation to what information can be accessed and shared during the investigation. The investigation includes access to the Banks computer network. The network holds so much information in the customer database. There is a possibility that information of non-affected account holders may be accessed while the investigation is going on. This can be a problem if the information accessed leaks out. The account owners may sue the bank for information leak and this can result to heavy penalties against the bank. Noting also that the internal investigation involves other companies information being accessed, the bank must control what information goes to the investigators and for how long they can keep such information. Such information includes; Financial, Management, Tax ID and any other information the Bank requires while accounts are opened. Authenticity of evidence and preservation Under the privacy Act, the Bank investigation must maintain integrity of the data accessed. The information must be maintained as authentic evidence and the source maintained in the same authentic state it was received. The concern here then is maintaining customer information and data in the state it was received. The customer according to the privacy Act must request changes in writing. Therefore any accidental changes may result to bleach of authenticity. The suspects are also covered under the same regulations and whatever part of their personal information retrieved from their offices during search has to be maintained. So the investigators have to operate within the boundaries of these regulations. Privileged or proprietary information There is a possibility of the items being investigated to contain privileged or proprietary information. This type of information could cause the bank to enter into legal issues with the companies affected by the cybercrime in question. The Economic Espionage Act of 1996(Cave 2007) covers sharing or access to trade secrets. This type of information include Financial, business engineering information and other information a company may keep as secret. In the case of the current investigation there is a possibility of such information being accessed by the investigators the legal issue would arise if any of it leaks the point at which VL Bank may suffer heavy financial penalties. This is where during evidence gathering the investigative team needs to have documentation of the chain of custody Explain what coordination should take place between the CISO and VL Banks lawyer. There are important stages that the investigation will have to go through. As indicated previously, the investigation team has to be formed and put in place. The investigation team comprises law and non-law enforcement individual. Here there a need to control information flow and access. There are legal considerations the Bank during the investigation. There are requests that must be made to other companies and banks. Most of these aspects have legal implications that need the coordination of the Bank Lawyer. The lawyer needs to work with the CISO during team creation. He needs to get information on the security bleach and a theory of how it could have happened. This information would help the Lawyer determine the type of investigation and who should conduct it. Noting that the legal experts may not necessarily understand the technological aspects of the crime, the CISO should be able to make it as easy as possible for the Lawyer to understand that aspect to help the Lawyer dete rmine the right approach to the investigation. Considering there are Legal communications to be made between the Bank, the clients and other Banks, the lawyer will coordinate such communications and verify that such communications are within the best interest of VL Bank where Legal issues may be touchà ©. He will communicate with lawyers hired by the other Farms on behalf of VL Bank. Here the lawyer will advise the CISO what could fall behind information shared and how the CISO need to minimize information sharing without jeopardizing the whole investigation or even turning tables against the VL Bank. This whole case revolves around various criminal and civil laws. In that case, the lawyer would offer Legal oversight over the whole operation. The Lawyer will oversee cooperation of the Bank employees. He will make them understand the need for the investigation and what their responsibilities and cooperation mean for a smooth ending. The Lawyer will also coordinate the investig ators be making sure they are contained within the Legal boundaries of any banking, cyber and or Banking regulations. During the evidence gathering stage of the investigation the CISO will coordinate acquisition of computers and digital storage. It is the role of the CISO to make request through the IT management for computers and storage and any paper trail to be made available without data modification before it is too late. The CISO will coordinate a team equal to suspect computers so all will be arrested for investigation at the same time and within a short time of commencing investigation. The CISO is the link between the Bank and the investigation team as far as Digital information is concerned. The CISO should weigh all aspects of access request to digital information to make sure that accesses is only granted to what is beneficial to the investigation without also crossing the legal lines or exposing VL Bank to unnecessary speculation from the investigators. 2. Discuss how this cybercrime could affect VL Banks enterprise continuity. Explain how VL Bank could use technology to mitigate the effects of the cybercrime on enterprise continuity. 3. Discuss information security and assurance controls that could prevent future attacks of this kind at VL Bank. Explain how these controls align to regulatory requirements and standards.

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Personal Statement Essay - 821 Words

First of all I should say that it is my great honor to be officially admitted into Hangzhou Foreign Language School. Its without exaggeration to say that I am counting the day to participate into this community. To get a better and deeper understanding of me, I will firstly give a brief introduction of myself, mainly focusing on my strong and weak points as well as my achievement. I always put forward confidence as one of my most prominent characteristics. I have faith in myself no matter what kind of frustrations I confront. Because of this, I set myself a high goal and try hard to get that. I think this is the beginning of how everything works. Honestly, I used to be a really shy boy, feeling rather uneasy to interact with people†¦show more content†¦I have had an experience of being a six-year monitor in my elementary school. When I entered my current junior high, I suddenly had a feeling that I didnt want to handle any responsibilities any more. In the eighth grade I regretted and wanted to foster my leadership and more importantly made more contributions to my school. I established an English Club and i was entitled the Best President at the end of the semester. Moreover, since I was officially emeritus in the ninth grade according to the club rule, I did my utmost to support students which have a relatively lower English level at noon time every weekday. In a word, I think I have the courage and ability to be a leader and I would truly look forward to be a leader again( no matter in what domains) A number of my friends have told me that I am a gentleman, particularly my female friends. Indeed, I always behaved properly, sometimes too properly. I regard that as merit, but it surely brings me inconvenience. I have a firm belief that you dont argue with people with low quality. When someone is jumping the queue ahead of me, my normal reaction is to smile at the man, expecting him or her to realize mistakes on his/her own . This seldom works. Some automatically apologize to me, but most of them seem reluctant to move. I amShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement On Personal Responsibility850 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal responsibility is holding you accountable for all your actions and decisions. Being personally responsible means you take ownership of what you do in and with your life. This means from the time you wake up until you go to bed at night, your life is your responsibility and yours alone. Your values, morals, and beliefs are all contributing factors in how you view bein g personally responsible. If you have been raised and taught to believe that you should consider your actions at all timesRead MoreJet Personal Statement Of Purpose Essay1329 Words   |  6 Pages JET Personal Statement of Purpose (SoP) Advice The Statement of Purpose is the part of the application which likely plays a huge part in any success. Take your time crafting the best Personal Statement you can. 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Over the years with the help of wonderful supervisors, I have worked on a plan for my personal care, and have learned to discuss any transfers or counter transference issues that may arise. Within, this plan I have also discussed when I start to get caregivers fatigue, this not only includes when I feel that I am over working myself at workRead MorePersonal Statement On The American Dream899 Words   |  4 PagesThe American dream is a well-known phrase. Working hard is the key to being blissful and successful. My personal â€Å"American Dream† is to be truly prosperous. True happiness for me would include fortunate marriage, my dream career, an impeccable house, and two healthy kids. I heard my aunt say this before and I agree wholeheartedly: â€Å"Everything good in life is worth working for†. In order to attain my American dream I have set goals for myself. My first goal is to have a blissful marriage. A trulyRead MorePersonal Statement On Leadership Activity1446 Words   |  6 Pagesperformed for my personal leadership lab was committing myself to personal training. For this Leadership final project, I personally trained two clients, totaling 4.5 hours. I performed these training sessions on the days of February 17, 20, and 24, 2016. I got into personal training around the time of this project’s beginning. My friend Thomas has been a personal trainer on the side for over a year. I have had a little over two years of workout experience, and he introduced me to the personal training

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Class Differences in the Novel Rebecca Essay - 813 Words

In the book, Rebecca by Daphne Du Maurier, there exist a big emphasis on social class and position during the time of this story. When we are introduced to the main character of the story, the narrator, we are right away exposed to a society in which different privileges are bestowed upon various groups. Social place, along with the ever present factor of power and money are evident throughout the story to show how lower to middle class groups were treated and mislead by people on a higher level in society. When we are introduced to the narrator, we are told that she is traveling with an old American woman; vulgar, gossipy, and wealthy, Mrs. Van Hopper travels across Europe, but her travels are lonely and require an employee that gives†¦show more content†¦When you look at an example like this one, you start to think whether or not these upper class people believed in their own morals and if they even had any. But one thing is for sure, such arrogant actions only go a sh ort way until they come back to haunt you. Because Mrs. Van Hopper was so blinded by her own self and worried so much about what was going on in other peoples lives, she had lost her attention from her companion friend, which let to a love affair between the narrator and Mr. Maxim de Winter. Maxim de Winter was a culture, intelligent old man, and the proud carrier of the de Winter name and estate of Manderley. He exemplifies all the traits of a rich upper class gentleman and goes out of his way to take Mrs. Van Hoppers companion out for a little fun. He sees the crude and vulgar treatment that the narrator is going through and tries to compensate for her and treat her in a more appropriate manner. With her modest frame, the narrator accepts such an offer because she knows that her stay in Monte Carlo was only for someone elses benefits and not hers. As in all stories, the poor, young beautiful woman, falls for a rich and sophisticated man who shows her that even though society is segmented into different classes, love can bind any two people. For this you begin to see the other side of the rich and aristocratic world. In Maxim de Winter you begin to realize that to him, all the money and power isnt worth anything whenShow MoreRelatedDaphne du Maurier’s Rebe cca: Disparities Between Upper and Working Class Women1180 Words   |  5 Pagesworking class women and their roles in society are made very obvious in gothic literature. However, they are especially highlighted in Daphne du Maurier’s Rebecca, in which the protagonist sits between the upper and lower classes because of her own choice to marry a man from a higher class than herself. 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Traister argues that it’s because of this redefinition that we see such a large decrease in married individuals within the UnitedRead MoreThe Second Wave Of Women s Rights Movement Essay786 Words   |  4 Pagesto present the difference in time and show how much it has evolved. The first wave was in the mid 19th century to early 20th century. They focused on women’s suffrage, their right to work, education rights, etc. The second wave was in the 60s; this is when they addressed broader perspectives. To include birth control, abortion, rape, pornography, etc. The third wave began in the 1990s and was a response to the second wave, as they only focused on struggles that whites middle class women faced. TheRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Southland By Nina Revoyr1578 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Coming together is a beginning; keeping together is progress; working together is success† (Henry Ford). In the novel Southland by Nina Revoyr, due to the injustices and struggles that characters face, they are forced to come together in the face of adversity and times of conflict in order to achieve their vision of the American Dream. With Los Angeles set as the stage, we as readers are taken through a series of trials and tribulations during the 1940s to 1990s, which uncover the true characteristicsRead MoreInterview Deta ils Of Rebecca Krieger Cottingham3165 Words   |  13 PagesPart A Interview details of Rebecca Krieger Cottingham: Rebecca Krieger Cottingham Born in 1963 Has lived in the following places between 1963 and 1989: Batesville, Indiana; Tucson, Arizona; Bloomington, Indiana; Singapore; Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. This interview was done on July 17, 2016, at 6:00 pm Part B Me: Thank you for allowing me to interview you. I would like to ask you about the subject of the Cold War. At the end, I will also be asking a couple personal questions. Question 1: What wasRead MoreThe Schopenhauer Cure2230 Words   |  9 PagesBonnie is feeling insecure about herself and confronts Rebecca about â€Å"preening† for the men in the group. Phillip is still new to the group, and the other members are not too sure what to think of him yet. In order for the group to be refocused, Julius tells everyone to â€Å"take a step back†¦and to try to understand what’s happening. Let me first put out this question to all of you: what do you see going on in the relationship between Bonnie and Rebecca?† (Yalom, 2005, p.132). Julius does not want everyoneRead MoreA Contextualization of Nina Revoyrs Southland2670 Words   |  11 PagesSunshine and Noir in Historical Los Angeles: A Contextualization of Nina Revoyr’s Southland Nina Revoyr’s novel, Southland, provides a glimpse into the injustice, scandal, and struggle in Los Angeles from the 1940s to the 1990s due to its racial composition. The novel contains a unique cast of characters who, although often times interact with conflict, are forced to live side-by-side one another in their separate attempts to attain the American Dream. Southland takes its readers on a journeyRead MoreThe Year Of The Flood By Margaret Atwood1993 Words   |  8 Pagesreinforce the information in my memory. In addition, if I wanted to review that information later, I could have it handy. Margaret Atwood is indeed an interesting author. She sees society from a unique point of view and likes to write dystopian novels which depict the eventual fate of humanity if we continue down the path of unforeseen and uncontrolled technological advancements and greed filled politics. She does not oppose progress or technology but is rather mainly concerned about the path that

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Bob Ong Essay Example For Students

Bob Ong Essay Theme: the seven deadly sins Setting: Heaven Characters: Bob Ong- main character, story teller Plot: Conflict: Climax: Denoument: Morale: Ending: Ang Paboritong Libro ni Hudas From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search | Author| Bob Ong| Country| Philippines| Language| Tagalog| Genre(s)| humor, Authobiography| Publisher| Visual Print Enterprises| Publication date| 2003| Media type| Print paperback| ISBN| 9719234210| OCLC Number| 57417594| Preceded by| Bakit Baligtad Magbasa ng Libro ang mga Pilipino? | Followed by| Alamat ng Gubat| Ang Paboritong Libro ni Hudas (The Favorite Book of Judas) or The Black Book is a 2003 semi-biography book by Filipino author Bob Ong. It was his third published work and the first book where he first introduces fiction to his readers. The book is divided into seven chapterseach chapter titles is an anagram of the 7 deadly/capital sins: Chapter 1: Veny Envymay be characterized by an insatiable desire; they differ, however, for two main reasons. First, greed is largely associated with material goods, where as envy may apply more generally. Second, those who commit the sin of envy resent that another person has something they perceive themselves as lacking, and wish the other person to be deprived of it. Dante defined this as a desire to deprive other men of theirs. Envy can be directly related to the Ten Commandments, specifically Neither shall you desire anything that belongs to your neighbour. In Dantes Purgatory, the punishment for the envious is to have their eyes sewn shut with wire because they have gained sinful pleasure from seeing others brought low. Aquinas described envy as sorrow for anothers good. Chapter 2: Geran Anger(Latin, ira), also known as anger or rage, may be described as inordinate and uncontrolled feelings of hatred and anger. Anger, in its purest form, presents with self-destructiveness, violence, and hate that may provoke feuds that can go on for centuries. Anger may persist long after the person who did another a grievous wrong is dead. Feelings of anger can manifest in different ways, including impatience, revenge, and vigilantism. Wrath is the only sin not necessarily associated with selfishness or self-interest (although one can of course be wrathful for selfish reasons, such as jealousy, closely related to the sin of envy). Dante described vengeance as love of justice perverted to revenge and spite. In its original form, the sin of wrath also encompassed anger pointed internally rather than externally. Thus suicide was deemed as the ultimate, albeit tragic, expression of wrath directed inwardly, a final rejection of Gods gifts. Chapter 3: Depir PrideIn almost every list Pride (Latin, superbia), or hubris, is considered the original and most serious of the seven deadly sins, and indeed the ultimate source from which the others arise. It is identified as a desire to be more important or attractive than others, failing to acknowledge the good work of others, and excessive love of self (especially holding self out of proper position toward God). Dantes definition was love of self perverted to hatred and contempt for ones neighbour. In Jacob Bidermanns medieval miracle play, Cenodoxus, pride is the deadliest of all the sins and leads directly to the damnation of the titulary famed Parisian doctor. In perhaps the best-known example, the story of Lucifer, pride (his desire to compete with God) was what caused his fall from Heaven, and his resultant transformation into Satan. In Dantes Divine Comedy, the penitents were forced to walk with stone slabs bearing down on their backs to induce feelings of humility. Chapter 4: Ventocoseuss CovetousnessGreed (Latin, avaritia), also known as avarice or covetousness, is, like lust and gluttony, a sin of excess. However, greed (as seen by the church) is applied to a very excessive or rapacious desire and pursuit of wealth, status, and power. St. Thomas Aquinas wrote that greed was a sin against God, just as all mortal sins, in as much as man condemns things eternal for the sake of temporal things. In Dantes Purgatory, the penitents were bound and laid face down on the ground for having concentrated too much on earthly thoughts. Avarice is more of a blanket term that can describe many other examples of greedy behavior. These include disloyalty, deliberate betrayal, or treason, especially for personal gain, for example through bribery  . Scavenging and hoarding of materials or objects, theft and robbery, especially by means of violence, trickery, or manipulation of authority are all actions that may be inspired by greed. Such misdeeds can include simony, where one profits from soliciting goods within the actual confines of a church. In this excerpt, from Civil Disobedience, Thoreau EssayWalang gamot sa tanga kundi pagkukusa. 10. Pag hindi ka mahal ng mahal mo wag ka magreklamo. Kasi may mga tao rin na di mo mahal pero mahal ka. Kaya quits lang. 11. Bakit ba ayaw matulog ng mga bata sa tanghali? alam ba nilang pag natuto silang umibig e hindi na sila makakatulog kahit gusto nila? 12. Hindi lungkot o takot ang mahirap sa pag-iisa kundi ang pagtanggap na sa bilyon-bilyong tao sa mundo, wala man lang nakipaglaban upang makasama ka. 13. Kung nagmahal ka ng taong di dapat at nasaktan ka, wag mong sisihin ang puso mo. Tumitibok lng yan para mag-supply ng dugo sa katawan mo. Ngayon, kung magaling ka sa anatomy at ang sisisihin mo naman ay ang hypothalamus mo na kumokontrol ng emotions mo, mali ka pa rin! Bakit? Utang na loob! Wag mong isisi sa body organs mo ang mga sama ng loob mo sa buhay! Tandaan mo: magiging masaya ka lang kung matututo kang tanggapin na hindi ang puso,utak, atay o bituka mo ang may kasalanan sa lahat ng nangyari sayo, kundi IKAW mismo! 14. nalaman kong hindi final exam ang passing rate ng buhay. hindi ito multiple choice, identification, true or false, enumeration or fill-in-the- blanks na sinasagutan kundi essay na isinusulat araw-araw. Huhusgahan ito hindi base sa kung tama o mali ang sagot, kundi base sa kung may kabuluhan ang mga isinulat o wala. Allowed ang erasures. 15. Wag magmadali sa pag-aasawa. Tatlo, lima, sampung taon sa hinaharap, mag-iiba pa ang pamantayan mo at maiisip mong di pala tamang pumili ng kapareha dahil lang sa kaboses niya si Debbie Gibson o magaling mag-breakdance. Totoong mas importante ang kalooban ng tao higit anuman. Sa paglipas ng panahon, maging ang mga crush ng bayan sa eskwelahan e nagmumukha ring pandesal. Maniwala ka. 16. ayokong nasasanay sa mga bagay na pwede namang wala sa buhay ko 17. hinahanap mo nga ba ako o ang kawalan ko? 18. hindi dahil sa hindi mo naiintindihan ang isang bagay ay kasinungalingan na ito. at hindi lahat ng kaya mong intindihin ay katotohanan. 19. Kumain ka na ng siopao na may palamang pusa o maglakad sa bubog nang nakayapak, pero wag na wag kang susubok mag-drugs. Kung hindi mo kayang umiwas, humingi ka ng tulong sa mga magulang mo dahil alam nila kun g saan ang mga murang supplier at hindi ka nila iisahan. 20. Mag-aral maigi. Kung titigil ka sa pag-aaral, manghihinayang ka pagtanda mo dahil hindi mo naranasan ang kakaibang ligayang dulot ng mga araw na walang pasok o suspendido ang klase o absent ang teacher. (Haaay, sarap! ). 21. Mangarap ka at abutin mo. Wag mong sisihin ang sira mong pamilya, palpak mong syota, pilay mong tuta, o mga lumilipad na ipis. Kung may pagkukulang sayo mga magulang mo, pwde kang manisi at maging rebelde. Tumigil ka sa pag-aaral, mag-asawa ka, mag-drugs ka, magpakulay ka ng buhok sa kili-kili. Sa bandang huli, ikaw din ang biktima. Rebeldeng walang napatunayan at bait sa sarili.

Friday, April 10, 2020

Indentured Servitude free essay sample

The legacy of the slave trade revived in the aura of the Nineteenth Century. After the abolition of slavery forms of labor that inquired the exploitation of workers remained alive. The most prominent was indentured servitude, which became one of the driving forces for global interdependence. The necessity for cheap laborers and desire to strengthen the economy stimulated the exploitation and transportation of indentured servants from Asia, Africa, the Pacific Islands and India, thus creating a self-sufficient and diverse environment in the worlds powerhouses. In response to the abolition of slavery, the importation of migrant laborers for agricultural work to the Americas was seen as a necessity. In Document 2, an editorial in the National Mercury on the visit of Sir George Grey, a British colonial governor, the author suggests that in order to gain profit from the sugar cultivation more laborers are needed to work. In this article, the servants as seen as an essential tool for their success, only valuing them for their own benefit. We will write a custom essay sample on Indentured Servitude or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In addition, in Herman Merivales excerpt, Document 1, he explains that the indentured servants are not slaves, but are aised like recruits for the military service. Both documents enforce the constant necessity for workers in countries like South America, North America and Britain. Further notion of the significance that indentured servitude had on the Americas could be obtained by government statistics on the economy in the Americas before and after the years of indentured servitude. The spread of indentured servitude in the years 1834-1919 connected Africa with the Caribbean and with Asia, as well as Asia with the Americas, as shown in the map in Document 3. The number of slaves working in Mauritius are shown in Document 6, mphasizing on the difference in gender. The conditions and regulations of the indentured servants were ridged and strict. In the images shown in Document 5, the circumstances of Asian Indian indentured laborers in sugar plantations and harvesting sugar cane are explicitly shown as backbreaking. Various workers to fulfill the arduous work became the demand of Europeans, specifically Dutch. Document 7 also shows the limited rights and high demands for indentured servants in an agreement provided by a recruiter for British Guiana, which clearly explains the conditions and rights of an indentured servant. The excerpt Everyday except Sunday Seven hours in field or ten hours in the factory buildings, shows how strenuous the conditions were for a worker. The migration of servants marked global interconnectedness that reflected the power that countries held and the submission of workers for their own benefit. The mark that indentured servitude left on the countries exporting the servants could be explored more in depth with a diary or journal from a wife in Japan, China, or India showing her feelings and emotions toward the migration of her husband. Also, an account of the economy in that country would show the financial position of countries exporting servants would how the effect that indentured servitude had on the other countries and not only the Americas. Although it was a mutual benefit, the profit gained by the servants was enjoyed. The migration of servants from one continent to another signified the cultural diversity in the Americas and did not fail to emphasize the subordinate position held by the indentured servants. This wide spread of cultures was also perceived in demographics, depicted in a chart in Document 4. Document 4 displays the numbers of servants from Indian, China and Japan exported to tropical-like lands, such as Trinidad, Cuba, and Hawaii. The diaspora of Indians, Chinese, and Japanese to foreign lands resulted in ethnic and cultural diversity in later generations. In addition, as the chart in Document 9 shows the percentage of Asian, Japanese and Chinese migration to specific lands in the year from 1920-1921. Although one of the essential results of the migration of indentured servants in the early Twentieth-Century was the diversity, the poor class of servants suffered from the aspects of indentured servitude. In a letter from an indentured servant, Document 8, the servant complains about the harsh and strict hours and low wage. The letter serves as a contradiction or opposite position as the document proposed in Document 7, in which the rights guaranteed and hours provided were lowered and diminished the servants right. Although indentured servants enjoyed the title, free workers, reality proved that slaverys old ways were still set forth in the way indentured servitude was practiced. The rise in industry and desire improve the economy aroused the need for indentured servitude. This system not only forced the intermarriage of people creating diversity but also was a tremendous benefit for the developing capitalist ocieties in the Americas and Great Britain. The abolished system of slavery instigated the rise of indentured servitude. People migrated with signed contracts from one continent to the other. Although they were considered free, it was only a title since they were subjugated to strict working hours and low wages, conditions too similar to those of a slave. The transformation that slavery had into indentured servants created a modifications to labor systems that are still seen today. Indentured servitude is still practiced nowadays, with the unjust and inhumane regulations.

Monday, March 9, 2020

The effects of Marijuana essays

The effects of Marijuana essays Marijuana can cause many harmful effects. There has never been a major test though. The ones theyve used have shown very different things. I have been very surprised by what I have been reading. I cannot believe the difference in what different scientists think. One says, It's hard to know for sure whether regular marijuana use causes cancer. But it is known that marijuana contains some of the same and sometimes even more, of the cancer-causing chemicals found in tobacco smoke. Studies show that someone who smokes five joints per week may be taking in as many cancer-causing chemicals as someone who smokes a full pack of cigarettes every day. While in certain places it is legally perscribed to people with many different types of cancer. The New scientist says, A FRENCH government study has heaped fuel on the debate over the safety of cannabis by listing it as the least dangerous of all potentially addictive drugs. It also concludes that alcohol is among the most dangerous. The study, commissioned by French health minister Bernard Kouchner, was carried out by a panel of 10 French and foreign scientists headed by Bernard-Pierre Roques of the Ren Descartes University of Paris. The panel searched the scientific literature for information about psychological and physical dependence, neural and general toxicity and social hazards such as aggressive behavior caused by various legal and illegal drugs. The team then grouped the substances into three categories of dangerousness. Cannabis was the only drug put in the least dangerous category. While cautioning that no drug they assessed was "completely free of danger", the researchers gave cannabis a rating of "weak" for social hazard and addictiveness, "very weak" for general toxicity and zero for neurotoxicity. In the most dangerous category, they included heroin and other opiates, and cocaine. Alcohol was also placed in this category because of its stro...

Saturday, February 22, 2020

How significant are the events of September 11th 2001 for Realist Essay

How significant are the events of September 11th 2001 for Realist assumptions Do they fundamentally undermine Realist assumptions - Essay Example Following the Cold War there was a return toward liberalism, and currently the pendulum appears to have swung back to a convoluted type of realism. Discussing these theories is much like watching a really good tennis match - there is a constant volley of back-and-forth with no end in sight. The main reason for this most recent shift back to realism is the terrorist attack against the United States on September 11, 2001. On September 11, 2001, the United States suffered an act of terrorism that transcended the attack on Pearl Harbor that led to U.S. involvement in WWII. Terrorists hijacked domestic airline flights and used the planes as the tools to destroy the World Trade Center in New York City and to damage the Pentagon. Over 3.000 people were killed, and the world was silent with shock. The ease with which the terrorists carried out this act and the unexpectedness of the event led the world’s nations to once again turn toward realism in regards to International Relations. The theories of liberalism and realism are at opposite sides of the spectrum. The late 1980s and the 1990s saw a trend toward liberalism. Proponents of liberalism stress the ideas of interdependency and cooperation among the nations (Haque, 2003). Realism, on the other hand, assumes that anarchy is the norm and each nation sees the others as a constant threat (Owen-Vandersluis, 2000). In order to survive this anarchy, nations must be self-sufficient and able to protect themselves against real or perceived threats. Nations commonly focus on military strength, making sure that they are powerful enough to prevent attacks from others. A perfect example is the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War in the 1970s and early 1980s. The end of the Cold War resulted in new attitudes on behalf of the American people. They focused on living with peace, rather than antagonism, and were confident that democracy had solved the world’s

Thursday, February 6, 2020

Midterm Report Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Midterm Report - Term Paper Example However, the actual writing process enabled me to encounter, firsthand, the challenges entailed and how to address them. This is the case particularly in the context of my abilities and resources. To put it another way, the theories that the source texts and lectures provide are general concepts. Their actual application in my case - has given me interesting and valuable insights because it is contextualized to my own capabilities and resources. Another important skill that I was able to develop was the ability to design and adhere to a method or a system to complete specific writing tasks. Personally, it is challenging for me to focus on a particular element in the process so it is easy to be lost or digress. For instance, I used to write according to the flow of my thoughts. Often, this leads to redundant or unnecessary contents that I am forced to edit out. In this respect, I came to recognize the importance of outline and structure, which according to Riordan (2013), is crucial in helping the reader grasp the information provided (p.14). The same can be said in the area of teamwork. In group activities and research, there is an imperative for a roadmap that details roles, relationships and outcomes so that each member contributes meaningfully to the achievement of objectives. In the course of writing this progress report, I came to realize that there are still areas which I need to improve on. I noticed, for instance, that I still find it challenging to differentiate technical writing from other forms of writing that I am used to such as the essay format, which requires personal inputs and opinion. Sometimes, it is inevitable for me to include a comment on cited information. I have identified a way to address this problem. Aside from the familiarization of the rules in technical writing, it is important for me to think about

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Cold War Essay Essay Example for Free

Cold War Essay Essay To what extent was Germany the cause of East/West disagreements between 1943 and 1963? (2000) 5. Analyze the role of Germany in the origin and development of the Cold War. (2002) 6. In what ways, and with what results, was Germany the key focus of the early stages of the Cold War? (2005) 7. Compare and contrast the policies of the USA and the USSR towards Korea between 1945 and 1955. (2004) 8. Also: NATO, Soviet policies, Sovietization of Central and Eastern Europe, COMECON, Stalin, Truman

Monday, January 20, 2020

All About Video Recording :: Video Camera Recorder

All About Video Recording Over the past 30 years the advancements in technology have been tremendous, everything from the 80’s camcorder, which was approximately the size of a cat, to the ones presently, which are approximately the size of your hand. To the creation of digital cameras ,DVD’s and CD-R’s, as well as so much more. When Purchasing a Video Recorder, there are many aspects of the piece that should be examined, in order to pick out the best quality product for the amount of money you are prepared to spend. Picking between the different types of products is the first step. In the world of digital recording , there are three basic types. The first being Hard Disc Recorders which are also known as Personal Television Recorders, these record all the action without the need for video tapes. With on screen program guides, recording in digital is a simple one-button operation. The next is DVD RAMwhich is the official DVD Recordable format backed by the DVD Forum, DVDRAM records onto a DVD recordable disc that can then be played on most modern DVD players. Lastly, there is DVD+RW which was developed by Philips and Sony, DVD+RW discs can be edited to cut out commercial breaks. They can also be played on most modern DVD players. The quality of the recording is always an important statistic tobe aware of, in video recording, there are four basic levels of quality. The first level is referred to as 2 Heads and is usually used for standard quality mono recording and playback, next there is 4 Heads , which has an improved picture and sound quality and freeze frames. Next, there is 6 Heads which has all the benefits of a 4 head video recorder plus 2 extra heads for greater sound quality. Lastly, there is Super-VHS which provides up to 400 lines of resolution, instead of the usual 240 lines, S-VHS delivers superior picture quality. The next aspect to focus on when purchasing a Video recorder would be the sound quality. In this department there are two basic options Depending on the kind of TV you have and the type of programs you record, you need to consider the type of sound playback you want. The first option would be Mono which is usually for standard recording and playback. Mono video recorders represent great value and are suitable for connection to portable TV’s. The second option would be Nicamstereowhich is a high quality stereo for improved sound reproduction.

Sunday, January 12, 2020

Reflection Management Style Essay

Yes, my definition of a manager has changed based on this weeks readings. At the beginning of the course I held the definition of a manager as a person who is in charge of a certain organization or firm. Based on this weeks reading, my definition of a manager has changed to a qualified person with specific qualities who is able to organize the resources in a firm during both the boom and the lean seasons in the business so as to ensure that the firm or organization is profitable. A manager should not only lead a firm but also be in a position to organize the factors of production in the organization in which he is a leader to ensure smooth running of the organization as well as high productivity (Cardy, 2008). I still agree with the good qualities of a manager originally identified. Some of the good qualities of a leader originally identified include the qualities that relate to personal characteristics as well as the business related characteristics. Some of the personal characteristics of a good manager originally identified include integrity. Unless a manager has integrity, an organization cannot run well. A good manager needs to have integrity so that he may be able to lead by example. This is by following rules and maintaining the virtues that help the organization to run well. Other qualities of a good manager identified originally include communication, reliability as well as motivation (Melinda, 2010). The business related qualities include the knowledge of the legal procedures, financial management skills, delegation skills among others. I would add qualities of a good leader such as flexibility. A good manager should be flexible so as to accommodate the many changes he might come across in course of management. These may include a change in the work environment. I do still agree with the poor qualities originally identified.  There are managers who portray very poor management qualities as identified originally. Some of the poor qualities of a leader identified include failure to communicate, dictatorship, disrespect as well as discrimination amongst employees. A poor manager will display qualities of poor management by showing discriminating among his employees. This means that the manager favours some of the employees. The discrimination brings about division in the organization hence no good team work (Jillyan, 2013). There are additional qualities that are portrayed by poorleaders. Some of these poor qualities include poor motivation habits where the manager does not reward his employees after any achievement. The lack of motivation is a great drawback to any organization and only the managers can correct by motivating their employees. The qualities of a manager change depending on the different situations they are in. For instance, the home environment of a manager could change the personal qualities of a good manager. For instance if a manager observes integrity in his leadership and in his home environment everybody is corrupt, he will be influenced by his people and stop observing integrity (Cardy, 2008). The results for the management quiz were not very successful but after going through the course reading the results are very promising. The results would change greatly as we learn more about management in this course. The course allows one to contemplate on the qualities portrayed by most managers and make him or her critical on these characteristics. References Cardy,R.(2008)Management : people, performance, change. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Jillyan, S. (2013). Qualities A Manager Should Have. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Melinda, H. (2010). Characteristics and Attributes of a Good Manager. Cincinnati: Wooster Press.

Saturday, January 4, 2020

Introduction to Utility Maximization

As consumers, we make choices every day about what and how much to buy and use. In order to model how consumers make these decisions, economists (reasonably) assume that people make choices that maximize their levels of happiness (i.e. that people are economically rational). Economists even have their own word for happiness: utility: the amount of happiness gained from consuming a good or service This concept of economic utility has some specific properties that are important to keep in mind: sign matters: positive utility numbers (i.e. numbers greater than zero) indicate that consuming a good makes the consumer happier. Conversely, negative utility numbers (i.e. numbers less than zero) indicate that consuming a good makes the consumer less happy. bigger is better: The greater the utility number, the more happiness the consumer receives from consuming an item. (Note that this is consistent with the first point since large negative numbers are smaller, i.e. less than, small negative numbers.) ordinal but not cardinal properties: Utility numbers can be compared, but it doesnt necessarily make sense to perform calculations with them. In other words, while it is the case that a utility of 6 is better than a utility of 3, it is not necessarily the case that a utility of 6 is twice as good as a utility of 3. Similarly, its not necessarily the case that a utility of 2 and a utility of 3 would add to a utility of 5. Economists use this concept of utility to model consumers preferences since it stands to reason that consumers prefer items that give them higher levels of utility. The consumers decision regarding what to consume, therefore, boils down to answering the question What affordable combination of goods and services gives me the most happiness? In the utility maximization model, the affordable part of the question is represented by a budget constraint and the happiness part is represented by what are known as indifference curves. We will examine each of these in turn and then put them together to arrive at the consumers optimal consumption.